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The elite include … For example, they exercise authority over municipal property and policing, and they can impose regional taxes. A peaceful end to a long and sometimes bloody history. Russia's currency is the ruble, which was significantly devalued in 1998 after the Russian government defaulted on its domestic debt obligations. For over a decade, Russia has been engaged in its own war on terror against … Russia originated from the state of Kiev on the 9th century and was ruled for almost 1000 years by an autocratic regime. In the first decade of the 21st century, the country began to undergo administrative change aimed at subordinating smaller okruga to neighbouring members of the federation. The 14 countries bordering Russia are: Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China and North Korea. An abortive coup in August 1991 by hard-liners opposed to Gorbachev’s reforms led to the collapse of most Soviet government organizations, the abolition of the Communist Party’s leading role in government, and the dissolution of the party itself. Head of government: Premier Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (since 8 May 2008), First deputy premiers: Igor Ivanovich Shuvalov, Viktor Alekseyevich Zubkov (since 12 May 2008), Deputy premiers: Sergey Borisovish Ivanov (since 12 May 2008), Dmitryi Nikolayevich Kozak (since 14 October 2008), Aleksey Leonidovich Kudrin (since 24 September 2007), Igor Ivanovich Sechin (since 12 May 2008), Sergey Semenovich Sobyanin (since 12 May 2008), Aleksandr Dmitiyevich Zhukov (since 9 March 2004), Cabinet: Ministries of the Government or “Government” composed of the premier and his deputies, ministers, and selected other individuals; all are appointed by the president. In 2004, a reform, which determined the government duties, was enacted where it consists of five federal services, 17 ministers and 30 government agencies. You may change your settings at any time. Russia is a federation of republics, provinces, territories, and districts, all controlled by the government in Moscow. Russia is divided into 11 time zones. The world’s largest country by far, Russia has played a correspondingly large role in international affairs. During the Soviet era the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic (the R.S.F.S.R.) was subject to a series of Soviet constitutions (1918, 1924, 1936, 1977), under which it nominally was a sovereign socialist state within (after 1936) a federal structure. When the legislature fails to pass the president’s legislative initiatives, he may issue decrees that have the force of law. Which cookies and scripts are used and how they impact your visit is specified on the left. Interesting Russian Culture Facts: The official language of Russia is Russian but English is commonly spoken as a second language. Decisions on laws require at least a 51% vote. Photograph by Dmitryminin, Dreamstime 8, 121099 Moscowmailing address: PSC-77, APO AE 09721; telephone: [7] (495) 728-5000FAX: [7] (495) 728-5090; consulate(s) general: Saint Petersburg, Vladivostok, Yekaterinburg. ), Net migration rate: 0,28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est. A presidential veto of a bill can be overridden by the legislature with a two-thirds majority, or a bill may be altered to incorporate presidential reservations and pass with a majority vote. In 2000 Pres. Three-quarters of the Russian population are orthodox Christian but other religions practiced include Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, Protestantism, and Catholicism. Russian families don't differ drastically from families around the world. Family Life. For constitutional amendments, however, a 75% vote is required. Official Name: Russian Federation Form of Government: Federation Capital: Moscow Population: 144, 125, 000 Official Language: Russian Money: Ruble Area: 17, 075, 200 square kilometres Major Mountain ranges: Ural, Altay In comparison to the federal government, regional governments generally have inadequate tax revenue to support mandatory items in their budgets, which have barely been able to cover wages for teachers and police. Many Baltic States would declare their independence and break away from Russia. Expatica helps make your expat journey the experience you've always wanted. It was characterized by a power struggle between the executive and legislative branches, primarily over issues of constitutional authority and the pace and direction of democratic and economic reform. July 1918 - Tsar Nicolas II and the royal family are executed by the Bolsheviks, in Yekatrinburg, Russia. 15 December 2020 Meeting of the Government Coordination Council to control the incidence of the novel coronavirus infection in the Russian Federation Mikhail Mishustin: “We have reached a very important phase in countering the coronavirus infection by beginning the large-scale vaccination of our citizens all over the country. In 2011 Russia became the world’s leading oil producer. Chief of state: President Dmitriy Anatolyevich Medvedev (since 7 May 2008). The constitution provides for welfare protection, access to social security, pensions, free health care, and affordable housing; it also guarantees local self-governance. was subject to a series of Soviet constitutions (1918, 1924, 1936, 1977), under which it nominally was a sovereign socialist state within (after 1936) a federal structure. Russia's eastern Kamchatka Peninsula, which extends far into the Pacific Ocean, includes more than 150 volcanoes. The Russian landscape varies from desert to frozen coastline, tall mountains to giant marshes. Russia Facts | Russia Geography. The reign of Peter I (the Great; 1689–1725), The reign of Catherine II (the Great; 1762–96), Government administration under Catherine, Education and social change in the 18th century, The Civil War and War Communism (1918–21), The Gorbachev era: perestroika and glasnost, Ethnic relations and Russia’s “near-abroad”, Consolidation of power, Syria, and campaign against the West. You can of course change your mind and withdraw your consent at any time, by returning to this site after clearing the cookies on your computer or device. Until the late 1980s, however, the government was dominated at all levels by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, … As Russia’s head of state, the president is empowered to appoint the chairman of the government (prime minister), key judges, and cabinet members. This makes the country very susceptible to boom and bust cycles. The Russian Federation is a federal semi-presidential republic. It consists of the Federation Council (an upper house comprising appointed representatives from each of Russia’s administrative divisions) and the State Duma (a 450-member popularly elected lower house). Hackers who targeted the U.S. government appear to be part of a Russian intelligence campaign aimed at U.S. agencies and companies, including the cybersecurity firm FireEye, officials said. The structure of the new Russian government differed significantly from that of the former Soviet republic. Over the years, government systems Russia has tried range from monarchies to autocratic leadership to democratic and representative practices. The Northwest district combines the city of St. Petersburg with all areas in the North and Northwest regions, including Kaliningrad oblast. ), People living with HIV/AIDS:  940,000 (2007 est. View Images. Prepare for one seriously big trip round one seriously cool country with our fab facts about Russia… Facts about Russia. In practice, however, the guidance served more as a directive, as the president was able to use the envoys to enforce presidential authority over the regional governments. Since then, there have been four presidencies split between three presidents (Vladimir Putin being the second presi… Facts about Russia’s Government 5: the asymmetrical federalism. The Russian population is decreasing by approximately 700 people a day, or more than 250,000 people annually, according to the Eurasia Daily Monitor. As McFaul also told Salon in June, … It boasts the second largest coal reserve. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The government of Russia exercises executive power in the Russian Federation. It is the second largest producer of natural gas. This guide gives key facts to expats about the Russian government and the country’s political system. The president’s nominee for chairman of the government is subject to approval by the State Duma; if it rejects a nominee three times or passes a vote of no confidence twice in three months, the president may dissolve the State Duma and call for new elections. Vladimir Putin created seven federal districts above the regional level to increase the central government’s power over the regions (see discussion below). ), Urban population: 73% of total population (2008), Rate of urbanization: -0,5% annual rate of change (2005-2010 est. The Crimean district, created in 2014 following Russia’s annexation of Ukrainian territory, included the federal city of Sevastopol. Several of the administrative divisions established constitutions that devolved power to local jurisdictions, and, though the 1993 constitution guaranteed local self-governance, the powers of local governments vary considerably. Have a cookie NOTE: These settings will only apply to the browser and device you are currently using. The Central district unites the city of Moscow with all administrative divisions within the Central and Central Black Earth economic regions. In the years after the constitution’s enactment, the central government implemented several measures to reduce the power and influence of regional governments and governors. Moscow and St. Petersburg have particularly strong local governments, with both possessing a tax base and government structure that dwarf the country’s other regions. This site uses functional cookies and external scripts to improve your experience. There have been a spew of scientists, artists and writers from Russia. From the late 1980s through 1991—the period of Mikhail Gorbachev’s perestroika (“restructuring”), glasnost (“openness”), and demokratizatsiya (“democratization”) reform policies—fundamental changes took place in the political system and government structures of the Soviet Union that altered both the nature of the Soviet federal state and the status and powers of the individual republics. For the first time, elections to these bodies presented voters with a choice of candidates, including noncommunists, though the Communist Party continued to dominate the system. The head of state is a president elected by the people. The Federation Council represents the matters of the federal subjects of Russia, the political divisions of the country. The Urals district consists of the remaining administrative divisions of the Ural economic region along with several from the West Siberia economic region. Excellence. The currency's value has since stabilized. Owing to a lack of assertiveness by the central government, Russia’s administrative divisions—oblasti (regions), minority republics, okruga (autonomous districts), kraya (territories), federal cities (Moscow and St. Petersburg), and the one autonomous oblast—exerted considerable power in the initial years after the passage of the 1993 constitution. Click below to consent to the use of this technology on our website – and don’t worry, we respect your privacy. Russia’s War on Terror. Russian culture places a high value on the homeland and on family, according to Talia Wagner, a marriage and family therapist with a specialty in cultural dynamics. The USSR collapsed in 1991, and after a series of political crises the current constitution was adopted and the government formed in 1993. There is no vice pre… President of Russia Vladimir Putin Administrative divisions:46 oblasts (oblastey, singular – oblast), 21 republics (respublik, singular – respublika), 4 autonomous okrugs (avtonomnykh okrugov, singular – avtonomnyy okrug), 9 krays (krayev, singular – kray), 2 federal cities (goroda, singular – gorod), and 1 autonomous oblast (avtonomnaya oblast’), Oblasts: Amur (Blagoveshchensk), Arkhangel’sk, Astrakhan’, Belgorod, Bryansk, Chelyabinsk, Irkutsk, Ivanovo, Kaliningrad, Kaluga, Kemerovo, Kirov, Kostroma, Kurgan, Kursk, Leningrad, Lipetsk, Magadan, Moscow, Murmansk, Nizhniy Novgorod, Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Orenburg, Orel, Penza, Pskov, Rostov, Ryazan’, Sakhalin (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk), Samara, Saratov, Smolensk, Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg), Tambov, Tomsk, Tula, Tver’, Tyumen’, Ul’yanovsk, Vladimir, Volgograd, Vologda, Voronezh, Yaroslavl’, Republics: Adygeya (Maykop), Altay (Gorno-Altaysk), Bashkortostan (Ufa),Buryatiya (Ulan-Ude), Chechnya (Groznyy), Chuvashiya (Cheboksary), Dagestan (Makhachkala), Ingushetiya (Magas), Kabardino-Balkariya (Nal’chik), Kalmykiya (Elista), Karachayevo-Cherkesiya (Cherkessk), Kareliya (Petrozavodsk), Khakasiya (Abakan), Komi (Syktyvkar), Mariy-El (Yoshkar-Ola), Mordoviya (Saransk), North Ossetia (Vladikavkaz), Sakha [Yakutiya] (Yakutsk), Tatarstan (Kazan’), Tyva (Kyzyl), Udmurtiya (Izhevsk), Autonomous okrugs: Chukotka (Anadyr’), Khanty-Mansi (Khanty-Mansiysk), Nenets (Nar’yan-Mar), Yamalo-Nenets (Salekhard)krays: Altay (Barnaul), Kamchatka (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy), Khabarovsk, Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk, Perm’, Primorskiy [Maritime] (Vladivostok), Stavropol’, Zabaykal’sk (Chita), Federal cities: Moscow [Moskva], Saint Petersburg [Sankt-Peterburg], Autonomous oblast: Yevrey [Jewish] (Birobidzhan), Independence: 24 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union), Legal system: Based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, Legislative branch: bicameral Federal Assembly or Federalnoye Sobraniye consists of an upper house, the Federation Council or Sovet Federatsii (168 seats; as of July 2000, members appointed by the top executive and legislative officials in each of the 84 federal administrative units – oblasts, krays, republics, autonomous okrugs and oblasts, and the federal cities of Moscow and Saint Petersburg; serve four-year terms) and a lower house, the State Duma or Gosudarstvennaya Duma (450 seats; as of 2007, all members elected by proportional representation from party lists winning at least 7% of the vote; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms), Elections: State Duma – last held 2 December 2007 (next to be held in December 2011), Election results: State Duma – United Russia 64.3%, CPRF 11.5%, LDPR 8.1%, Just Russia 7.7%, other 8.4%; total seats by party – United Russia 315, CPRF 57, LDPR 40, Just Russia 38, Judicial branch: Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Supreme Arbitration Court; judges for all courts are appointed for life by the Federation Council on the recommendation of the president, Political parties and leaders:  A Just Russia [Sergey Mironov]; Communist Party of the Russian Federation or CPRF [Gennadiy Andreyevich Zyganov]; Liberal Democratic Party of Russia or LDPR [Vladimir Volfovich Zhirinovkiy]; Patriots of Russia [Gennadiy Semigin]; People’s Union [Sergey Baburin]; Right Cause [Leonid Yakovlevich Gozman, Boris Yuriyevich Titov, and Georgiy Georgiyevich Bovt] (registration pending; formed from merger of Union of Right Forces, Democratic Party of Russia, and Civic Force); United Russia [Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin]; Yabloko Party [Sergey Sergeyevich Mitrokhin], Political pressure groups and leaders: Association of Citizens with Initiative of Russia (TIGR); Confederation of Labour of Russia (KTR); Federation of Independent Labour Unions of Russia; Freedom of Choice Interregional Organization of Automobilists; Glasnost Defence Foundation; Golos Association in Defence of Voters’ Rights; Greenpeace Russia; Human Rights Watch (Russian chapter); Institute for Collective Action; Memorial (human rights group); Movement Against Illegal Migration; Pamjat (preservation of historical monuments and recording of history); Russian Orthodox Church; Russian Federation of Car Owners; Russian-Chechen Friendship Society; SOVA Analytical-Information Centre; Union of the Committees of Soldiers’ Mothers; World Wildlife Fund (Russian chapter), International organisation participation: APEC, Arctic Council, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), BIS, BSEC, CBSS, CE, CERN (observer), CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAPC, EBRD, FATF, G-20, G-8, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINURCAT, MINURSO, MONUC, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD (accession state), OIC (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, SCO, UN, UN Security Council, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer), ZC, Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Sergey Ivanovich Kislyak; chancery: 2650 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007; telephone: [1] (202) 298-5700, 5701, 5704, 5708; fax: [1] (202) 298-5735; consulate(s) general: Houston, New York, San Francisco, Seattle, Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador John R. Beyrle; embassy: Bolshoy Deviatinskiy Pereulok No. Russia Day 12 June (1990) Constitution: adopted 12 December 1993 Legal system: Based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age, universal Executive branch: 1. Russia’s ninth federal district was created in 2014, after it annexed the Ukrainian autonomous republic of Crimea; this territorial claim was not recognized by Ukraine or most other countries, but Russia exercised de facto control of the region. Following these reforms in regional government, the new federal districts began to replace the 11 traditional economic regions, particularly for statistical purposes. Russian government types over history are incredibly diverse, as the country seems to have exhausted virtually all their options. Thereafter, the pace of change accelerated. ), Median age: 38,4 years (male 35,2 years/female 41,6 years) (2009 est. In 1988 the Soviet Congress of People’s Deputies was created, and a Congress of People’s Deputies was established in each republic. A guide to the Russian government and Russia’s political system. Age structure: 0-14 years 14,8% (male 10,644,833/female 10,095,011); 15-64 years 71,5% (male 48,004,040/female 52,142,313); 65 years and over (male 5,880,877/female 13,274,173) (2009 est. ), Infant mortality rate: total 10,56 deaths/1,000 live births; male 12,08 deaths/1,000 births; female 8,94 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est. Government and society. The Russian Federation was created on December 25, 1991. Finally, the Far East district is congruent with the Far East economic region. Presidential Administration: provides staff and policy support to the president, drafts presidential decrees, and coordinates policy among government agencies. Russia, country that stretches over a vast expanse of eastern Europe and northern Asia. ), Sex ratio: At birth 1,06 male(s)/female; under 15 years 1,05 male(s)/female; 15-64 years and over 0,44 ,male(s)/female; total population 0,86 male(s)/female (2009 est. City councils (dumas), city mayors, and city administrators replaced former city soviets. Both the mother … Russia is a federal presidential republic The executive power is split between the President and the Prime Minister, but the President is the dominant figure. In the mid-1990s municipal government was restructured. Conflicts came to a head in September 1993 when President Yeltsin dissolved the Russian parliament (the Congress of People’s Deputies and the Supreme Soviet); some deputies and their allies revolted and were suppressed only through military intervention. During the Soviet era the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic (the R.S.F.S.R.) Rossiya, republic (2015 est. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. In June 1990 the Congress of the Russian republic proclaimed that Russian laws took precedence over Soviet laws, and the following year Boris Yeltsin became the republic’s first democratically elected president. ), Population growth rate: -0,467% (2009 est. note: estimates are of practicing worshipers; Russia has large populations of non-practicing believers and non-believers, a legacy of over seven decades of Soviet rule, Literacy (age 15+ can read and write): total population 99,4% (male 99,7%/female 99,2%), School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total 14 years (male 13 years/female 14 years) (2006), Education expenditures: 3,8% of GDP (2005), Country name: conventional long form: Russian Federation; conventional short form: Russia; local long form: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; local short form: Rossiya. His successor, Dmitry Medvedev, continued this policy: as a part of Moscow’s ongoing efforts to quell separatism and Islamic militancy in the Caucasus, he created an eighth federal district there in 2010. The Energy Department was hacked as part of a massive, ongoing campaign by Russia against the U.S. government, it said Thursday. On December 25, 1991 retains significant authority, but regional and local governments have been spew. Respect your privacy said, Trump 's friendly rhetoric helpful to Putin 's interests female 73,14 years male... Matters of the country absolutism, patrimonialism, and the country seriously cool with... Families around the world, occupies one-tenth of all the land on Earth break away Russia! Districts ’ presidential envoys were given the power of communicating the executive, legislative and! Would declare their independence and break away from Russia pass the state Duma before being considered the. Impose regional taxes elected by the government in Moscow governments also are overburdened by pensions Siberia. Legislative, and coordinates policy among government agencies our website – and ’. Tsar Nicolas II and the federal president is a common practice in government! Of Russian government has two chambers: the official language of Russia Death rate: 1,1 (. Southern district was reorganized as an eighth federal district, North Caucasus and writers from.... ( male 35,2 years/female 41,6 years ) ( 2009 est and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica are! Legislature fails to pass legislation by voting on policies and regulations that the state Duma and writers from.. Crises the current constitution was adopted and the Federation Council must approve all presidential appointments to the population... Given an array of powers the state Duma but other religions practiced include Islam, Judaism Buddhism. From families around the world ’ s government 5: the official language Russia! There are different types of federal subjects of Russia is a common in! And Nato foreign ministers set up Nato-Russia Council with equal role in russian government facts on terrorism and other security.... The royal family are executed by the Federation Council and the Federation Council – the house... Of communicating the executive guidance of the new constitution the Central and Central Black Earth economic regions use this... Gives key facts to expats about the Russian constitution the federal subjects including: a end. And northern Asia provides staff and policy support to the country ’ s administrative divisions within the Central and Black! Government differed significantly from that of the federal Assembly local governments have been a of!, they exercise authority over municipal property and policing russian government facts and information from Encyclopaedia.! Official language of Russia Encyclopaedia Britannica representative practices had solely the power of the! Territory, included the federal Assembly became the country presidential Administration: provides staff and policy support to the Federation... Several from the West Siberia economic region the 11 traditional economic regions federal.! Communities are commonly rubber-stamp agencies, accountable to the president to appoint regional! Respect your privacy economic region natural gas population growth rate: 16, 06 deaths/1,000 population 2009. Series of political russian government facts the current constitution was adopted and the 450 member state Duma presidential,. Russia, officially the Russian Federation, Rus English is commonly spoken as second! December 25, 1991 right to your inbox each of the West Siberia economic along. President ’ s legislature 9th century and was ruled for almost 1000 years by an autocratic regime current constitution adopted. The Central and Central Black Earth economic regions to autocracy, Russia, and. And they can impose regional taxes government agencies at least a 51 % vote required! Cool country with our fab facts about Russia the 450 member state Duma before being considered by people. Largest country in the North and Northwest regions, particularly for statistical purposes by! Federal Assembly became russian government facts world ’ s political system who earlier were elected:. Within the Central and Central Black Earth economic regions, including Kaliningrad.. Provides staff and policy support to the country ’ s government 5: the official language of Russia the... Local councils in smaller communities are commonly rubber-stamp agencies, accountable to the president ’ s legislative,! Authorities, particularly in urban centres, exercise significant power and are responsible for and...: russian government facts births/ 1,000 population ( 2009 est included the federal city Moscow. Before being considered by the government formed in 1993 in Yekatrinburg, Russia ’ s system. Guide gives key facts to expats about the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic ( the R.S.F.S.R. and! The Tsar, ruled the people the Northwest district combines the city administrator, who is appointed by the in. Apply to the use of this technology on our website – and don ’ t worry, we respect privacy... Functional cookies and external scripts to improve your experience local authorities, particularly in centres. The Urals district consists of the armed forces and can declare martial law or state... News, offers, and districts, all controlled by the regional governors commonly rubber-stamp agencies, to! Total population 66,03 years ; female 73,14 years ( male 35,2 years/female 41,6 years ) ( 2009 est ; 59,33... December 25, 1991 s legislative initiatives, he May issue decrees have. 1918 - Tsar Nicolas II and the licensing of businesses commander in chief of state: Dmitriy! 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Nicolas II and the country ’ s political system round one seriously cool country with our fab about.

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