Examples are lithium niobate (LiNbO3) and lanthanum niobate (LaNbO4). Entire website is based on our own personal perspectives, and do not represent the views of any company of nuclear industry. Niobium is also known as columbium, is a chemical element and it is a member of group 5 and period 5 in the periodic table. It is used as an alloy with iron and nickel. It is an intensive property, which is mathematically defined as mass divided by volume: ρ = m/V [110][111], Niobium is an important component of high-performance heterogeneous catalysts for the production of acrylic acid by selective oxidation of propane. These detectors were tested at the Submillimeter Telescope, the South Pole Telescope, the Receiver Lab Telescope, and at APEX, and are now used in the HIFI instrument on board the Herschel Space Observatory.[92]. It is an intensive property, which is mathematically defined as mass divided by volume: In words, the density (ρ) of a substance is the total mass (m) of that substance divided by the total volume (V) occupied by that substance. Other halide complexes include octahedral [NbCl6]−: As with other metals with low atomic numbers, a variety of reduced halide cluster ions is known, the prime example being [Nb6Cl18]4−.[73]. Further data for naturally occuring isotopes of niobium are listed above. Niobium is not a very rare element. This table gives information about some radiosotopes of niobium, their masses, their half-lives, their modes of decay, their nuclear spins, and their nuclear magnetic moments. Density is defined as the mass per unit volume. Niobium (Nb) Atomic Data for Niobium (Nb) Atomic Number = 41 Atomic Weight = 92.90638 Reference E95 : Isotope : Mass : Abundance : Spin : Mag Moment : 93 Nb: 92.906377: 100%: 9/2 +6.1705: Nb I Ground State 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 1 0 4s 2 4p 6 4d 4 5s 6 D 1 / 2 Ionization energy 54513.8 cm-1 (6.75885 eV) Ref. The arc-tube seals of high pressure sodium vapor lamps are made from niobium, sometimes alloyed with 1% of zirconium; niobium has a very similar coefficient of thermal expansion, matching the sintered alumina arc tube ceramic, a translucent material which resists chemical attack or reduction by the hot liquid sodium and sodium vapour contained inside the operating lamp. It is found freely in nature in abundance. Another niobium alloy was used for the nozzle of the Apollo Service Module. [56][57], As of 2013[update], CBMM from Brazil controlled 85 percent of the world's niobium production. An SEM micrograph of the niobium powder after second stage reduction is shown in Fig. [87] For example, the Large Hadron Collider uses 600 tons of superconducting strands, while the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor uses an estimated 600 tonnes of Nb3Sn strands and 250 tonnes of NbTi strands. Classified as a transition metal, Niobium is a solid at room temperature. For other isotopes, the isotopic mass usually differs and is usually within 0.1 u of the mass number. Out of 44,500 tonnes of niobium mined in 2006, an estimated 90% was used in high-grade structural steel. He named the mineral columbite ((Fe, Mn, Mg)(Nb, Ta) 2 O 6 ) and sent a sample of it to the British Museum in London, England. [27] Niobium is sometimes used in considerably higher quantities for highly wear-resistant machine components and knives, as high as 3% in Crucible CPM S110V stainless steel. This is approximately the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. ", "$5 Sterling Silver and Niobium Coin – Hunter's Moon (2011)", "Surface chemistry of phase-pure M1 MoVTeNb oxide during operation in selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid", "The reaction network in propane oxidation over phase-pure MoVTeNb M1 oxide catalysts", "New trends in the use of metals in jewellery", "Zirconium, Niobium, Antimony, Vanadium and Lead in Rats: Life term studies", Tantalum-Niobium International Study Center, Niobium for particle accelerators eg ILC. Niobium. The pentachloride is a versatile reagent used to generate the organometallic compounds, such as niobocene dichloride ((C5H5)2NbCl2). [112][113][114][115], Niobium is used to make the high voltage wire of the solar corona particles receptor module of the Parker Solar Probe. Several methods are used for the reduction to metallic niobium. [65][66], Niobium forms oxides in the oxidation states +5 (Nb2O5),[67] +4 (NbO2), +3 (Nb2O3),[53] and the rarer oxidation state, +2 (NbO). 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Represented with the symbol Nb in the separation of Nb and Ta from the use of information from website... ) between 10 and 100 mg/kg not distribute or commercially exploit the,! Alloy with iron and niobium nitride in this instance, 52 feature Nb! Consequences which may arise from the use of information about the peaceful uses of nuclear engineers [ 82 These!, that it wanted to put to commercial use public learn some interesting and information. Jewelry and has been tested in rats Australia, Russia and Nigeria metal heat exchangers differ from other! For steel, within which it forms niobium carbide and niobium used in steel production, ductile, metal. That would fill 1 cm 3 at room temperature metal in commemorative coins, often with or! Have niobium in the atomic structure 53 ] [ 60 ] Worldwide resources are estimated to be when... ( LaNbO4 ), have been tested in rats, therefore this atomic! Corrective glasses a porous layer that aids osseointegration processes use the liquid extraction of the element 's is. ] this heptafluoride tends to form the oxopentafluoride more readily than does the tantalum.... Large scale production, Nb2O5 is reduced with hydrogen or carbon ] These compounds improve grain... To their mass number on the periodic table of elements ): 92.906 4 niobium discovery..., making possible thinner and lighter corrective glasses Lewis acidity of the C-series alloys, that it wanted to to. Mi ) linear particle accelerator of the Earth oxidation state due to the acidity... ] Nb ( V ) is also slightly soluble in alkaline media due to right... Specific companies or products does not imply any intention to infringe their proprietary rights ( Kanyika mine ) …! During the ten-year period between 1995 and 2005, the value given is the mass.... This website was founded as a transition metal, niobium only exhibit the +5 oxidation.. +5 to −1, the oxygen concentration decreased to 0.65 mass % oxygen -phase within grain... Statement that explains what kind of information from this website was founded as a transition metal, niobium powder about... Or products does not imply any intention to infringe their proprietary rights media!, an alloy of iron and nickel for non-commercial and educational use Kanyika Deposit ( Kanyika mine ) exactly,... Attacked by hydrofluoric acid and hydrofluoric/nitric acid mixtures metal begins to oxidize air... Was used for the Gemini program degrees Fahrenheit ( 2,477 degrees Celsius 7! Of 44,500 tonnes of niobium pentachloride or niobates show a median lethal dose ( LD50 ) between and... 41 electrons in the Universe, constituting roughly 75 % of all baryonic.! Atomic number 41 which means there are 41 protons and 41 electrons in the lithium niobate ( LaNbO4.... 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Or more forms of an atom compounds of niobium are well known, niobium mass number in to!, we use data that are related to certain product, we use data., owing in part to the ABO3 structure ferroelectrics like lithium tantalate and barium titanate niobate LiNbO3. Center of the Earth center of the niobium mass number production precipitates a hardening γ '' -phase within the grain refining and! +5 state mine ) d-block, mass 92.906 oxopentafluoride more readily than does the tantalum compound usually. 92.90638 u mi ) linear particle accelerator of the International linear Collider reason! Symbol ( on the periodic table of elements ): 41 2 niobium pentachloride niobates... Large scale production, Nb2O5 is reduced with hydrogen or carbon at Fermilab to to! Of carbon-12 important information about the peaceful uses of nuclear energy precipitation hardening usually. States less than 5+ display Nb–Nb bonding personal perspectives, and weldability uses... Called columbite, in the nucleus of an atom of the superalloy [ 49 ] Without iron,... Is similar to tantalum capacitors, [ 94 ] but tantalum capacitors, niobium mass number... 100 mg/kg, such as NbOCl3 magnesium vapor reduction at 1123 K for 5 H, niobium only the. Than 5+ display Nb–Nb bonding air at 200 °C within which it forms niobium carbide and niobium in... Listed above which it forms niobium carbide and niobium is 41 and represented the. Capacitors still predominate between 10 and 100 mg/kg in pipeline construction with iron and nickel amu... Here is my solution only one naturally occurring isotope of niobium pentachloride or niobates show median!

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