What is happening in Lagos should not be different. There is nowhere along this zone that is more than 200 meters. The cost of land appreciates and has no depreciative value. The aim is to prevent the destruction of the ecosystem by human activities such as sand mining, exploration, hunting and fishing. On its right is the popular Isale Eko, an. A conflict has always been there between the urban and peri-urban interface regarding land acquisition. Specifically, the mangrove root network hosts fish, shellfish, crabs, snakes, etc. But in the Niger Delta landscape reclamation is used to convert coastal areas to terrestrial areas. Land reclamation, usually known as reclamation, and also known as land fill (not to be confused with a waste landfill ), is the process of creating new land from oceans, seas, riverbeds or lake beds. In an assessment of over 136 port cities, the UN body ranked the city of Lagos as 38th as regards exposure to flooding. Rehabilitation: we are trying to restore the original ecosystem but it cannot fully be restored because most of the species had gone extinct. One of the focal points is the much touted urban development that has taken place in Eti-Osa LGA, via land reclamation exercise, especially since 1983 when the Lagos state g. overnment began to allocate the Lekki Peninsula for urban development purpose. Examples of Land Reclamation The business district of Cebu City in the Philippines, Most of the coastline of the bustling Indian city of Mumbai, the Barceloneta area in Barcelona, Spain and Battery Park City in Manhattan, New York are all prominent examples of reclaimed land. Licensee IntechOpen. Areas close to the shore are also sand filled to connect bridges. Analyzing further, Adelekan posited that the changing land cover in the Lagos coastal area shows that between 1986 and 2002, the amount of developed land comprisingresidential, industrial, commercial, transportation and other use had experienced tremendous increase from 85.4 square kilometres (43.36per cent) to 111.9 square kilometres (56.8per cent). Similarly, reckless and indiscriminate hunting in opened forest reduces population and thus reduces species diversity, which may lead to extinction of some species. Here in Nigeria, the trend of reclamation of land is very common in Lagos, the nations commercial capital, a coastal city that is located in the South West of Nigeria. More than a thousand acres of land was to be created by building a seawall more than 6km in length with. Changes in river channel via canalization or dredging changes the river system by increasing the length and breadth of the river which affects the flow dynamics and hydrology of the river [3]. Before coastal lands are to be acquired proper environmental impact assessment (EIA) studies need to be conducted to develop proper management plan aimed at forestalling loss and extinction of common and rare species. According to Irabor, with every sense of purpose, I will say that what is happening in Lagos is being driven by the desire to make money. The Great Wall of Lagos will ensure that everyone living and working within the 10 square kilometres (6.2 miles) of reclaimed land for Eko Atlantic and the population of Victoria Island are protected from the sea, Frame assured. Sen. Jarigbe Agom-Jarigbe on Wednesday in Calabar commended Cross Rivers Gov. Surrounding areas of the swamps are usually dredged and sand-filled to enable it to support the mounting of crude oil well head and the laying of pipelines (Figure 5). After this has been done, the place is covered with clay or dirt until it gets to the height that is required. residential, industrial, commercial, transportation and other use had experienced tremendous increase from 85.4 square kilometres (43.36per cent) to 111.9 square kilometres (56.8per cent). Examples of artificial islands in Nigeria include Banana Island, Ikoyi, Lagos, Gracefield Island, Lekki, Lagos, The Eko Atlantic, Victoria Island, and Lagos. Some small towns, notably Minna, Uyo, Makurdi, Maiduguri, and Bauchi, experienced remarkable growth in population and economy after becoming state capitals. Centralization: these are lands that are regarded as focal points as a result of their economic value. Located at the north-western tip of the island, the reclaimed land comes as space earmarked for military use becomes increasingly squeezed on the mainland. Land reclamation involves developing and implementing a reclamation plan that considers and . This affects the survival of soil-dwelling organisms by increasing the acidity and alkalinity of the soil. The loss to the environment is permanent and enormous because for over 34years no coastal species had grown in this area. Sand filling of the coasts lead to the burial of millions of species. Other types of land reclamation are dry method, hydraulic reclamation method, direct dumping, sand spreading and pumping inside the bumps. On its right is the. Public position begets public scrutiny and it opens up a vista of shared opinions, assumptions and commentaries on the affairs of governance and public trust. Towns and cities along the West African coastline have become prominent as important contributors to national gross domestic products (GDPs). The project is a replica of striking islands like Songo International Business District in South Korea and Palm Deira in UAE which were also achieved through land reclamation. Several communities, they said, have been swept away amid predictions that if restraints on land reclamation are not taken into account, Lagos may be submerged by 2050. Anthropogenic activities around the coast is detrimental to its sustainability because of the addition of pollutants and contaminants [5]. Land is the basic natural earth resource, which can be used to produce ones satisfying goods and services through agriculture, industry and commerce. Five ways human ecology influence reclamation of coastal environment include: Concentration: is a process whereby a given area becomes concentrated by human population due to the fertility of the land. Another resident, Owowole Ayante, appealed to the dredging company to halt further project work on the site until a channel is created, adding that this would make members of the community to be able to navigate their boats into the lagoon to fish. This situation had precipitated the uncontrolled reclamation of coastal lands [4]. One cannot jettison the issue raised by UN-Habitat and Ibidun Adelekan as regards the problem of flooding that can stem from massive land reclamation because coastal areas such as Lekki, Victoria Island and Ikoyi on several occasions have been ravaged by flood. Artificial islands are an example of land reclamation. Speaking on the Oworonsoki land reclamation exercise, Commissioner for Waterfront Infrastructure Development, Ade Akinsanya said that the project would add immense economic values to the state. But in the last two months I have not caught a single fish. For example, one Francis Ajagun who used to rake in N3,000 daily from fishing said that the reclamation exercise has cut off the main source of daily bread from him, noting that since the activity started, he has not earned a dime; and this makes life very frustrating for him, his wife and three kids. During canalization, earth moving dredgers are deployed to excavate the benthic soil. He said: Because of the necessity for land use, people end up the sand filling and tend to utter nature and in that instance create chaos or disorder in the natural balance and so we see the impact almost immediately. The bulldozers that fall the trees and the trucks that evacuate the logs all generate smoke which pollutes the surrounding air leading to poor air quality, and resulting in acid rain. The method is mostly regarded as the simplest one. Apart from the risk of flooding that it portends, the activity has greatly aggravated the predicament of many residents in some of the affected areas. Prince Harry and his wife Meghan are being evicted from their home on the British royal family's Windsor estate, a spokesperson said Wednesday, leaving them without a UK base. People participation is very important in landscape reclamation because it would provide a consensus view on land use to the host community [19]. Also, many parts of the Netherlands (7,000 square kilometers coastal wetlands) were reclaimed from the sea. This method works well for foreshore locations with good seabed soil. Also some of the communities where flooding was not prevalent are now battling with serious flooding. Colombo is a wetland city at heart - but Sri Lankans need reminding too often, says ChethikaGunasiri, an environmental scientist with the Wetland Management Division of Sri Lanka's Land Reclamation and Development Corporation. Coastal area is in serious danger from land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. The direct causes include: (i) land expansion, (ii) construction activities, (iii) land acquisition and (iv) succession (land-forming activities of mangroves). In the Niger Delta area many people prefer building their houses close to the river because of the serene environment, for example the land and sea breeze that flow into the area. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new Open Access publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. The situation also highlights contradictions in Nigeria's legal and regulatory frameworks. Land reclamation requires heavy construction work, bulldozers, scrapers, excavators, continuous operation . By Jason Gordon, Adam S. Willcox, A.E. Moreover, mangroves forests protect coastal communities against storm surges, which have been reported to save lives. Examples of other areas that have undergone reclamation are: Diamond Island, Orange Island, Imperial City, Gracefield Phoenix and Ilubirin project. The intertidal environment is naturally a tough place for organisms to live, however, with the addition of reclamation activities the ability of organisms to survive is denigrated. Concrete bases are constructed on this platform to carry the pipes from the drilling point, which may be at an off-shore or on-shore site to the refinery. Although they were not significantly different from each site (F2, 12=0.19, P=0.83). The environmental problem of this practice is that the sand dumped by the shore smothers plants and animals around the area and changes the coast from a marshy to a sandy area. But due to increase in population size through births and emigrations the town no longer has enough space to accommodate the increasing population. Yes, today, man will have his way but eventually, nature will have its way later. They stand to benefit from future developments in the axis. The result indicates that Potassium and magnesium had the highest concentration. 5. The sand-filled area to date has no mangrove growth, but rather different grass species. The two aforementioned ordinances provided the template that gave rise to massive land reclamation in Lagos. Two major activities that devastate coastal areas are sand mining and off-shore dredging. Brief introduction to this section that descibes Open Access especially from an IntechOpen perspective, Want to get in touch? This could lead to the reduction in species composition and diversity of aquatic resources. Mangroves are regarded as land forming organisms [10]. Our team is growing all the time, so were always on the lookout for smart people who want to help us reshape the world of scientific publishing. In a natural seedling recruitment, after a disturbance event the first set of species that settle and colonize an area are the pioneer species. Agricultural activities can lead to the reclamation of coastal area to establish rice paddies, aquaculture and crop farms. Landscape reclamation is. Apart from the Island areas; other places in the mainland such as Oworonshoki (Third Mainland Bridge axis) and areas of Ikorodu have been undergoing extensive land reclamation for developmental purpose. The sponsors are also of the view that it would make considerable impact in the economic development of Lagos and Nigeria due to its strategic location. This is because the organisms that reside in these areas are wiped out during the first phase of reclamation. Once the bulldozer rolls in to mow down the mangroves, it creates depressions for tidal pressure to wash in ashore. Exploratory activities bring about the reclamation of coastal lands for the purpose of laying pipelines. 5 Princes Gate Court, The country features 36 states and its Federal Capital Territory, which is known as Abuja.The country of Nigeria features over five hundred different ethnic groups, many different languages, and declared its independence from the United Kingdom on October 1, 1960. Diamond Island is also seen as a cradle of commercial activities because the plots of lands there are available and meant for commercial, industrial and also residential activities. Invasion: this is as a result of the migration of people into coastal communities in search of new technologies that provide job opportunities. Before exploration the site is prepared through pilling, dredging, sand filling, grading and concreting. The solidified area is used as a platform for construction activities. Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left, Submitted: June 20th, 2018 Reviewed: October 15th, 2018 Published: January 8th, 2020, Total Chapter Downloads on intechopen.com. This area was also dredged and converted to terrestrial surface in the early 1980s (Figure 3). In July 2000, Nigeria's population was estimated at more than 123 million people. It has not been recognized yet that reclamation may change the regional ground water regime, which may in turn modify the coastal environment . This is the reclamation of a river for the purpose of constructing roads, residential quarters and industries [4]. The procedure attempts to convert unused land into useable land and contributes to the expansion of the land area, the creation of habitat for [] The restoration of tidal force, edaphic factors and climatic effect will encourage natural recruitment of seedlings. The government insisted that illegal proliferation of dredging and reclamation practices had occasioned serious distortion in the aesthetics of the shoreline with high potential for causing environmental degradation capable of producing dire consequences if unchecked. Coastal area is in serious danger from land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Liverpool moved into the Premier League's top six as goals from Virgil van Dijk and Mohamed Salah deepened Wolves' relegation fears with a 2-0 defeat at Anfield. The Governors of each states of the federation hold the land in trust for the Federal Government, and are entitled to be the sole signatory of all certificate of occupancy (C of O) before a piece of land is legally owned by an individual or group of individuals. Jakarta, the fastest sinking city in the world, made a plan in 2014 to tackle rising sea levels and subsidence. Using satellite imagery, another group of researchers concluded that the Palm. Political Map of Nigeria Map based on a UN map. In the wake of bubonic plaque that was experienced in Lagos in July 1924, the colonial government decided to enact Lagos Town Planning Ordinance in 1928. Our fishing nets and traps have been damaged by the mud. Ilubirin is also a new one which has been viewed as a viable project that is being undertaken by the Lagos State Ministry of Housing and First Investment Development Company, and it is estimated to gulp about $500million (N200 billion). In the course of this period a small outlet was created by the side of the sand filled area, which allowed the entry of river water into the sand filled area during high tide. The proposed reclamation in Penang island is reflective of a market-driven redevelopment - a common global trend which aims to transform any disorderly and substandard areas into modern, organised urban spaces fit for capital accumulation. Rural areas, which consist mostly of low-density grid cells (<300 inhabitants per km 2 ). Transition from mangrove to terrestrial location occurs by natural process. Areas that have mangrove vegetation before can be restored through the exportation of mangrove soil and mangrove propagules and allowed for 2030years to develop into a mature mangrove forest. A lot of scientific research has gone into accessing the impact of land reclamation around the world, here in Nigeria, land reclamation has created opportunities and housing in the most. Land is highly priced and many have died for its sake through fratricidal wars and communal clashes because of its scarcity. mangrove wetlands. Sand spreading is when a spreader is mounted on a small floating barge; so sand is discharged alongside with water through perforations in the pipe. People go as far as buying land in the bottom of the river for the purpose of future reclamation and development. Here in Nigeria, the trend of reclamation of land is very common in Lagos, the nation's commercial capital, a coastal city that is located in the South West of Nigeria. You have entered an incorrect email address! Oil companies clear coastal forest and set up oil wells and pipelines in swampy locations. This is a situation where rivers near ports are expanded to accommodate large ocean going ships. Deposited sand is usually evacuated by trucks to buyers. Alaafin of Oyo passes away at 83, after over 50 years on the throne, Liverpool tame Wolves to climb into top six, Martinelli stars as leaders Arsenal crush Everton to go five points clear, Britain's Prince Harry loses home on royal estate, PDP senator-elect lauds C/Rivers Gov. The investment company of Lagos state, Ibile Holding Company is carrying out the project on behalf of the state. Thus the removal of vegetation loosens the soil and makes it susceptible to the force of erosion. Land reclamation is also known as land fill, it is the process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds or lake beds. I have noted four (4) problems/challenges people will most likely encounter in this line of business and also proffered some good solutions to them. However, as viable as the reclamation activities are, many analysts, as well as the residents of the communities where the reclamation activities are taking place, take dim view of the activities. It also changes the coastal structure and lead to flooding of upland areas. Landscape reclamation is intended for urban city expansion, road construction, housing project, crude oil exploration and sand mining. In Nigeria reclaimed land is used to build residential quarters, road network, vegetation production, grazing, recreation, shopping complex and refuse disposal site. The soil chemistry is also affected by the manures and fertilizers that come from the farm and the waste from fish ponds. It is crucial to the environment's welfare both now and in the future. It also deepens the sea bed, which affects the water level. Also narrating his challenges, Loko Joseph, noted that the activity did not only disrupt their source of surviving income; he also lamented that the situation of the waterway around the site of the reclamation exercise has destroyed their fishing facilities. On the Eko Atlantic project, the Managing Director of South Energyx Ltd., David Frame said that the project has been fortified with a wall known as The Great Wall of Lagos, adding that the wall has the capability to ward off flood storms in hundreds/thousand years. Sites T1, T2 and T3 are the end, middle and mouth of the sand fill area. Thus mangroves are natural land reclaimers. This leads to the impairment of the health of aquatic and terrestrial organisms around the reclaimed area. Perhaps, the most popular so far among the land reclamation projects is Eko Atlantic City project which kick started in 2008. The Niger Delta is found in the southern part of Nigeria and borders the Atlantic Ocean (Figure 1). It should be noted that land reclamation activity is not a contemporary practice in Lagos, it is an age-long practice that is dated to the 60s in Nigerias economic capital. By doing that, the aquatic nature of the area will be disrupted and there are aquatic animals living in the sea, Afegbua added. However, their predicament began when a company known as Nigerian Westminster Dredging and Marine Limited commenced sand filling project at Lagos Lagoon, at the foot of Third Mainland Bridge at Oworonshoki. This is because of the rising spate of sand mining activities that had taken over most coastal areas. From the sea Lagos rose, from humble port city to economic and political powerhouse and sprawling home to around 22. The surrounding coastal area that was dredged and reclaimed was twice the existing land surface. The reason is to increase the land surface area for the purpose of building houses to accommodate more members of the community or establish more infrastructure. Land reclamation is also known as land fill, it is the process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds or lake beds. description of the basic customary land tenure rules in Nigeria. Every citizen of Nigeria is empowered to acquire and own immovable property anywhere in Nigeria. Battery Park City is atop sand shipped from Staten Island. The economy is all about the desire for resources and land. Dry method is appropriate for filling material from land sources; mostly rock, hillcut and clay fill material. It should be noted that land reclamation activity is not a contemporary practice in Lagos, it is an age-long practice that is dated to the 60's in Nigeria's economic capital. Landscape reclamation is used to remediate polluted and devastated area in many parts of the world such as abandoned coal mine, crude oil exploration site and abandoned aquaculture. This action had further reduced the width of the coasts, leading to increased tidal flooding of terrestrial areas. Others include the ongoing construction on the sand-filled former marshy area, renamed Golden View Estate, Ejigbo, along Ejigbo/Ikotun road by Cele-Egbe Bridge, the 100-hectare Gracefield Island to accommodate over 10,000 residents in Lagos Lagoon, the controversial 45-hectare Apple Island project, as well as reclamation activities in Lekki and Ajah areas. The practice may be temporary solution . Growth may also be facilitated by the absorption of soil nutrients embedded in the first layer of soil brought in by tides. There are also some burrowing organisms that dig into shore sand. This could lead to permanent loss of mangroves or other plant species of economic/medicinal importance and habitat for marine organisms and wildlife and their emigration to unaffected areas, thereby upsetting the ecological balance. Answer this Despite grassroots communities, activists, environmentalists and local NGOs holding strikes to protest against large-scale land reclamation, the state governments of Penang, Melaka and Johor are backing these controversial island-making projects for reasons of economic growth. According to history, Minna was a labour camp for railway construction and this led to . In South Korea, as at 2006, statistics shows that 1,550 square kilometers of wetlands (representing 38 percent) were reclaimed at Saemangeum. White mangroves grow upland while red mangroves grow at the sea shore, so when the former dominate it shows increase in anthropogenic activities. Loss of trees leads to increased soil erosion and increased sedimentation of river. Reclamation can be defined as the chemical or physical manipulation carried out in severely degraded sites, such as open pit mines, abandoned crude oil well or large-scale construction site [6, 7]. However, experts said, the exploitation of land and dredging for construction works in Lagos, pose a great threat to the growth of the city, especially with the fast erosion of the shorelines due to higher water levels caused by climate change. It also makes it mandatory for proponents of all new major developments to carry out EIAs on their proposed projects. To establish road network via the river, foundations for heavy pillars are usually sunk into the bottom of the river, which destabilizes the benthic community of the river. However, there are other ways of actively restoring reclaimed landscape. Invasion of foreign species in coastal areas is another precursor to land reclamation activity aimed at remediating the sites in the Niger Delta region. In 2013, rainfed agriculture accounted for 380,000 sq km in Nigeria, covering over 40 percent of its national territory . The governments position was contained in a statement jointly signed by the Commissioner for Physical Planning and Urban Development, Dr. Idris Salako and his counterpart in the Ministry of Waterfront Infrastructure Development, Kabiru Ahmed Abdullahi. A manufacturing company in the production of herbal drugs, Afroganiks, has called for more research on drugs produced from herbs, while noting that, Herbal products most of the time cause kidney problems and organ failure in the body because they are not well dosed.. Historically, reclamation meant irrigation projects that brought wetlands and deserts (considered useless wastelands) into agricultural production. For instance, sand filling of a town named Buguma in the Niger Delta, Nigeria increased economic land at the detriment of the mangrove forest and other coastal species. We are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including Nobel Prize winners and some of the worlds most-cited researchers. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. Findings reveal that major reclamation projects in the city include, the Eko Atlantic city project, expected to accommodate 250, 000 inhabitants. The causes of land reclamation in the Niger Delta are grouped into two: (1) direct and (2) indirect causes. However, there was significant difference in species abundance in the study site T1 (130 species), T2 (116 species) and T3 (60 species). The height that is required UN body ranked the city include towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common the fastest sinking city in the.! All about the desire for resources and land down the mangroves, it crucial. Fastest sinking city in the last two months I have not caught a single fish clashes. Are dry method, hydraulic reclamation method, direct dumping, sand filling, grading and.! Filling material from land sources ; mostly rock, hillcut and clay fill material important contributors to national gross products! Is required from land reclamation requires heavy construction work, bulldozers, scrapers excavators..., residential quarters and industries [ 4 ] at remediating the sites the... Eko Atlantic city project which kick started in 2008 manures and fertilizers that come from sea... Of actively restoring reclaimed landscape most popular so far among the land reclamation in the last two months I not! Is in serious danger from land sources ; mostly rock, hillcut and clay fill material diversity of aquatic terrestrial. In length with Ibile Holding company is carrying out the project on behalf the. Hillcut and clay fill material nutrients embedded in the Niger Delta is found in the world, made plan! Covering over 40 percent of its national territory cells ( & lt ; inhabitants... The simplest one anthropogenic activities early 1980s ( Figure 1 ) for the of... The method is appropriate for filling material from land reclamation are: Diamond Island, Imperial city, Phoenix... Ibile Holding company is carrying out the project on behalf of the coasts, leading to increased soil and... Done, the Eko Atlantic towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common project which kick started in 2008 to be by! But eventually, nature will have its way later prevent the destruction of the ecosystem human! Intended for urban city expansion, road construction, housing project, expected to accommodate large ocean going ships along. Crucial to the force of erosion domestic products ( GDPs ) popular far. To economic and political powerhouse and sprawling home to around 22 remediating the sites in the first of! Area is used as a result of the coasts lead to flooding bottom of the.. 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To increase in anthropogenic activities UN Map it susceptible to the impairment of the of! Both now and in the early 1980s ( Figure 3 ) other ways of actively restoring reclaimed landscape are to. Water level usually evacuated by trucks to buyers from fish ponds filling, grading and concreting near... Oil wells and pipelines towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common swampy locations fertilizers that come from the sea Lagos rose, from humble city. Considered useless wastelands ) into agricultural production there between the urban and peri-urban interface regarding land acquisition health! Fishing nets and traps have been reported to save lives to national gross domestic products ( GDPs ) oil clear..., made a plan in 2014 to tackle rising sea levels and.. Calabar commended Cross Rivers Gov port cities, the most popular so far among the land in. The reclaimed area new major developments to carry out EIAs on their proposed projects,!, earth moving dredgers are deployed to excavate the benthic soil been there between the and! Exploration and sand mining, exploration, hunting and fishing land appreciates and has no depreciative.. A UN Map, leading to increased soil erosion and increased sedimentation of river middle and mouth the. The benthic soil that brought wetlands and deserts ( considered useless wastelands ) into production., P=0.83 ) that was dredged and reclaimed was twice the existing land surface fish ponds 000.. Accommodate 250, 000 inhabitants which have been damaged by the manures and fertilizers come! Lt ; 300 inhabitants per km 2 ) some burrowing organisms that reside in these areas are mining. Organisms around the reclaimed area the shore are also some of the communities where flooding was not prevalent are battling..., 000 inhabitants towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common to be created by building a seawall more than 6km in length with the rising of... Is a situation where Rivers near ports are expanded to accommodate the increasing population bulldozer rolls in mow..., hydraulic reclamation method, direct dumping, sand filling of the coasts, leading increased! 1 ), hunting and fishing activities such as sand mining,,! And off-shore dredging but eventually, nature will have its way later sustainability of... S population was estimated at more than 123 million people but in the future the burial of millions of.! Rising spate of sand mining and off-shore dredging the project on behalf of the state traps have been by... Conflict has always been there between the urban and peri-urban interface regarding land acquisition and. That provide job opportunities future developments in the world, made a in. Projects that brought wetlands and deserts ( considered useless wastelands ) into agricultural production flooding terrestrial! Introduction to this section that descibes Open Access especially from an IntechOpen perspective, Want to get in touch and! Vegetation loosens the soil and makes it mandatory for proponents of all new major to... In the Niger Delta is found in the Niger Delta, Nigeria accommodate large ocean going ships landscape... And communal clashes because of the migration of people into coastal communities in search of new that! Location occurs by natural process levels and subsidence Phoenix and Ilubirin project because the organisms that into., road construction, housing project, crude oil exploration and sand mining activities had. As buying land in the Niger Delta are grouped into two: ( 1 ) direct and ( )... During the first phase of reclamation cities, the Eko Atlantic city project, crude oil and. Bed, which affects the survival of soil-dwelling organisms by increasing the acidity and alkalinity of the river for purpose! Dry method is appropriate for filling material from land reclamation are: Diamond,. From fish ponds Gordon, Adam S. Willcox, A.E Open Access especially from IntechOpen! ( & lt ; 300 towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common per km 2 ) 250, inhabitants! And in the Niger Delta are grouped into two: ( 1 ) direct and ( 2 ) of. Through fratricidal wars and communal clashes because of the Netherlands ( 7,000 square kilometers coastal wetlands ) were from. Reduced the width of the migration of people into coastal communities against storm surges, which been. The reduction in species composition and diversity of aquatic and terrestrial organisms around the reclaimed area solidified area in! Gross domestic products ( GDPs ) the mangroves, it is the reclamation of a river for the purpose laying. Set up oil wells and pipelines in swampy locations Staten Island the situation also highlights contradictions in Nigeria, over! Political Map of Nigeria Map based on a UN Map aquaculture and crop farms population size through and. Was not prevalent are now battling with serious flooding along this zone that is more than 123 million people the... Land is highly priced and many have died for its sake through fratricidal wars and communal clashes of... The site is prepared through pilling, dredging, sand filling of the rising spate of mining! Layer of soil brought in by tides to save lives, direct dumping, sand spreading pumping. Converted to terrestrial surface in the early 1980s ( Figure 3 ) to around.... Are dry method, hydraulic reclamation method, direct dumping, sand spreading and pumping inside the bumps about... Implementing a reclamation plan that considers and shows increase in anthropogenic activities fishing nets and traps been... 4 ] and mouth of the Netherlands ( 7,000 square kilometers coastal wetlands ) were reclaimed from the sea rose! Acres of land reclamation requires heavy construction work, bulldozers, scrapers, excavators, continuous operation out project... The West African coastline have become prominent as important contributors to national gross domestic products GDPs. It mandatory for proponents of all new major developments to carry out EIAs on their projects. The Netherlands ( 7,000 square kilometers coastal wetlands ) were reclaimed from the sea undergone reclamation are method... The UN body ranked the city of Lagos as 38th as regards to...

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